Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для бакалавров и специалистов факультета прикладной информатики 3 этап обучения
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ФГОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный аграрный университет» И.С. Криворучко Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для бакалавров и специалистов факультета прикладной информатики 3 этап обучения Краснодар 2011 г УДК ББК К Рецензенты: О.Е. Павловская – доктор филологических наук, профессор Т.С. Непшекуева - доктор филологических наук, профессор Криворучко И.С. К82 Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для бакалавров и специалистов факультета прикладной информатики 3 этап обучения / И.С. Криворучко, К.М. Сейранова. – Краснодар, 2012. – 46 с. Данное пособие предназначено для расширенного изучения английского языка в области информационных технологий в группах бакалавров и специалистов 3 курса факультета прикладной информатики. Пособие состоит из 7 уроков, каждый из которых содержит тексты и учебные задания, способствующие усвоению и запоминанию специальных терминов, и направленные на развитие навыков чтения, перевода и устной речи. УДК ББК Печатается по решению методической комиссии агрономического факультета и факультета экологии О Криворучко И.С., Сейранова К.М., 2011 О ФГОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный аграрный университет», 2011 LESSON 1 What is a computer system? Active vocabulary 1. hardware – оборудование, аппаратные средства 2. application software – прикладное программное обеспечение 3. systems software – системное программное обеспечение 4. to connect - подключать 5. a software package – пакет прикладных программ 6. sophisticated - сложный 7. manuals – руководство пользователя 8. to divide - делить 9. data - данные 10. to contain - содержать 11. execution - выполнение 12. to carry out - выполнять 13. speed - скорость 14. to update - обновлять 15. keyboard - клавиатура 16. nonvolatile - энергонезависимый 17. to satisfy - удовлетворять 18. to perform - выполнять 19. to take place – происходить, иметь место 20. to overestimate - переоценивать 21. CPU (central processing unit) - процессор 22. to accomplish - выполнять 23. purpose - цель 24. satellite – спутник 1. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents: 1. processing hardware; a) относительно постоянный; 2. additional keys; b) просматривать информацию; 3. data is easy to retrieve; c) запускать простые или сложные программы; 4. the amount of main memory; d) выполнять сложные задачи; 5. to store the data during processing; e) мозг компьютера; 6. to run simple or sophisticated software; f) исполнение инструкций ПО 7. the processing activities; g) выполнять сложные задачи за короткое время; 8. to perform very specific processing tasks; h) дополнительные клавиши; 9. the execution of software instructions; i) питание отключено; 10. the power is turned off; j) устройства обработки; 11. relatively permanent; k) сохранять данные во время обработки 12. to perform sophisticated tasks in a short time; l) действия обработки; 13. to view information; m) количество основной памяти; 14. the brain of the computer; n) данные легко восстановимы. 2. Arrange the following words according to meaning similarity 1. to perform a) aim 2. sophisticated b) to switch on 3. speed c) to accomplish 4. to calculate d) constant 5. purpose e) to change 6. to view f) to compute 7. amount g) rate 8 to turn on h) to examine 9. permanent i) quantity 10. to modify j) complicated 3. Read text 1 and answer the questions below: What is a computer? The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. By itself, a computer has no intelligence and is referred to as hardware. A computer, or computer system, doesn't come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes a sixth system element. In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite – is an element of the total computer system. Computer Hardware Computer hardware can be divided into four categories: input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, and output hardware. input hardware The purpose of input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter keyboard with rows of keys arranged in the typical typewriter layout, as well as a number of additional keys used to enter special computer-related codes. Although it isn't the only type of input device available, the computer keyboard is the one most generally used by the business community. Storage Hardware The purpose of storage hardware is to provide a means of storing computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent, or nonvolatile – that is, the data is not lost when the power is turned off – and easy to retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filing systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic signals, commonly on disk or tape, rather than on paper. Processing Hardware The purpose of processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret, and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory. The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well-designed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time. Main memory (also called internal memory, primary storage, or just memory) can be thought of as an electronic desktop. The more desk surface you have in front of you, the more you can place on it. Similarly, if your computer has a lot of memory, you can place more software instructions in it. The amount of memory available determines whether you can run simple or sophisticated software: A large memory is more capable of holding the thousands of instructions that are contained in the more sophisticated software programs. Having a large amount of memory in your computer also allows you, to work with and manipulate great amounts of data and information at one time. Quite simply, the more main memory you have in your computer, the more you can accomplish. Output Hardware The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (words or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor, a televisionlike screen on which you can read text and graphics. Questions: 1. What does the term «computer» describe? 2. Is computer intelligent? 3. What are five components of computer system? 4. What is connectivity? 5. What groups of hardware could be defined? 6. What is input (processing, output) hardware? What are the examples of input (processing, output) hardware? 7. Without what parts computer is unable to work? 8. What is the most expensive part of the hardware? 4. Which of the listed below statements are true/false? Correct the false statements. 1. Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded. 2. There are five elements of computer system: hardware, software, people, diskettes and data. 3. The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. 4. CPU reads and interprets software and prints the results on paper. 5. Computer is used to help people in decision making process. 5. Fill in the blanks: 1. ... doesn’t come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system. 2. ... is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. 3. ...create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present. 4. Information in the form of instruction is called a ... . 5. The manner in which the various individual systems are connected is ... . 6. ... is organized, processed and useful for decision making. 7. The basic job of the computer is the ... . a) program b) information c) processing of information d) software e) connectivity f) computer g) people 6. Which of the following is Hardware: 1. program 2. mouse 3. CPU 4. printer 5. modem 6. instruction 7. port 8. cursor or the pointer 9. keyboard 10. character 7. Match the following expressions with their definitions below: 1. процессор 2. клавиатура 3. мышь 4. дискета 5. «винчестер» 6. модем 7. экран a) rigid disc coated with magnetic material, for storing computer programs and relatively large amounts of data. b) the part of a television or computer on which a picture is formed or information is displayed. c) an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines. d) a set of keys, usually arranged in tiers, for operating a typewriter, computer terminal, or the like. e) the key component of a computer system, containing the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions. f) a palm-sized device equipped with two or more buttons, used to point at and select items on a computer display screen and for controlling the cursor by means of analogous movement on a nearby surface. g) a thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and program. 8. Find English equivalents in the text: 1. Чем больше памяти в компьютере, тем больше он может выполнить. 2. Целью устройств ввода является сбор данных и их преобразование в форму, которая подходит для обработки. 3. Компьютер – это устройство, состоящее из комбинации электронных и электромеханических компонентов. 4. Устройство процессора определяет мощность обработки и скорость компьютера. 5. Когда одна компьютерная система связана с другой, соединяемость становится шестым элементом системы. 6. Количество памяти определяет, установите ли вы простое или сложное ПО. 7. Большое количество памяти позволит вам управлять значительным количеством данных и информации в одно время. 9. Make up your own sentences using the following expressions: Processing hardware; additional keys; the amount of main memory; to store the data during processing; to run simple or sophisticated software; relatively permanent; to perform sophisticated tasks in a short time; to view information; to be connected by phone lines. 10. Retell the text 11. Read text 2 and answer the questions below: Computer Software As we have said, a computer is an inanimate device that has no intelligence of its own and must be supplied with instructions so that it knows what to do and how and when to do it. These instructions are called software. The importance of software can't be overestimated. You might have what most people consider the "best" computer sitting on your desk in front of you; however, without software to "feed" it, the computer will do nothing more than take up space. Software is made up of a group of related programs, each of which is a group of related instructions that perform very specific processing tasks. Software acquired to perform a general business function is often referred to as a software package. Software packages, which are usually created by professional software writers, are accompanied by documentation – users' manuals – that explains how to use the software. Software can generally be divided into two categories: systems software and applications software. Systems Software Programs designed to allow the computer to manage its own resources are called systems software. This software runs the basic operations; it tells the hardware what to do and how and when to do it. However, it does not solve specific problems relating to a business or a profession. For example, systems software will not process a prediction of what your company's tax bill will be next year but it will tell the computer where to store the data used during processing. Applications Software Any instructions or collection of related programs designed to be carried out by a computer to satisfy a user's specific needs are applications software. A group of programs written to perform payroll processing is one type of applications software, as are programs written to maintain personnel records, update an inventory system, help you calculate a budget, or monitor the incubation temperatures at your poultry farm. Applications software can be purchased "off the shelf" – that is, already programmed, or written – or it can be written to order by qualified programmers. If, for example, its payroll processing requirements are fairly routine, a company can probably purchase one or more payroll applications software programs off the shelf to handle the job. However, if a company has unique payroll requirements, such as a need to handle the records of hourly employees, salaried employees, and commissioned employees, then off-the-shelf software may not be satisfactory. It may be more cost-effective to have the payroll programs written to exact specifications than to try to modify off-the-shelf programs to do something they were never intended to do. Questions:
12. Which of the following is Software:
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