Ха (якутия) «якутский педагогический колледж им. С. Ф. Гоголева» system of education. Teaching profession. Art and science of teaching. Учебное пособие я кутск 2016
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ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ) «ЯКУТСКИЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ им. С.Ф. ГОГОЛЕВА» SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. TEACHING PROFESSION. ART AND SCIENCE OF TEACHING. Учебное пособие Я  КУТСК 2016 УДК 377.5:37 ББК 74.57 Утверждено Учебно-методическим советом ГБПОУ РС (Я) ЯПК Составитель: Т.П.Федорова Рецензент: В.И. Алексеев, преподаватель английского языка кафедры библиотечно-информационных технологий и гуманитарных дисциплин АГИКИ SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. TEACHING PROFESSION. ART AND SCIENCE OF TEACHING: учебное пособие / Гос. бюджет. проф. образоват. учреждение Респ. Саха (Якутия) «Якут. пед. колледж им. С.Ф. Гоголева» ; [сост.: Т.П.Федорова]. – Якутск : Якутский педагогический колледж им. С.Ф. Гоголева, 2016. – 89 с. Агентство CIP НБР Саха Учебное пособие подготовлено для студентов отделений педагогических специальностей СПУЗ. В пособие включены тексты с упражнениями, способствующие понять системы образования в Великобритании, России, США и осознать профессию учителя. Пособие может использоваться на 1-3 курсах педагогических специальностей в качестве дополнения к учебнику английского языка и в качестве пособия по СРС. УДК 377.5:37 Б  БК 74.57Contents ПО Пояснительная записка Настоящее пособие SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. TEACHING PROFESSION. ART AND SCIENCE OF TEACHING включает тексты о системах дошкольного, начального, среднего и высшего образования в Великобритании, России, США, о подготовке учителей в Великобритании, об искусстве и науке обучения детей в школе и детских садах, о профессии учителя. Пособие предназначено для студентов педагогических отделений и факультетов, для учащихся педагогических классов средних специализированных школ, а также для преподавателей английского языка в качестве дополнительного учебного материала. Кроме того, материал пособия может быть использован для докладов и обсуждений проблем образования, подготовки педагогических кадров на занятиях по английскому языку в педагогическом колледже и институте, на занятиях по теме «Страноведение» в школе (специальной), лицее, гимназии. Пособие состоит из 7 разделов: Education (Образование), British System of Education (Система образования в Британии), Some Aspects of Higher and Further Education in Great Britain (Некоторые аспекты высшего и дальнейшего образования в Великобритании ), The twentieth – Century Development (Развитие образования в 20-м веке), Distance Education: OU (Заочное -дистанционное образование: открытые университеты), Teacher Education Policies (Политика подготовки учителей), The Art and Science of Teaching (Искусство и наука обучения). Среди упражнений вы найдете вопросы к тексту, упражнения – тесты, переводы с русского на английский, и с английского на русский. Пособие содержит тексты, статьи и различные творческие задания, а также словарь к текстам. Пособие ставит своей целью совершенствование навыков чтения, развития навыков разговорного английского языка, развитие коммуникативных умений и развитие профессиональной и социокультурной компетенции будущих учителей I. EDUCATION SCHOOLING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM The quality of a country's future life, commercially, industrially and intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system. From the end of the World War II the state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free educational facilities. Those parents who prefer to send their children to private institutions, and could afford it, are free to do so. The organization of state schooling is not as centralized as in most European countries. Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum. Secondly, the types of school available and the age ranges for which they cater vary in different parts of the country, In each area Local Education Authority is responsible for education, At any publicly-maintained school no tuition fees are payable. State schooling in the United Kingdom is financed partly by the Government and partly by local rates. Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free nursery school education before that age. Primary education takes place in infant schools for pupils aged from five to seven years old and junior schools (from eight to eleven years). Some areas have a different system m which middle schools replace junior schools and take pupils aged from nine to twelve years. Secondary education has been available in Britain since 1944. It is compulsory up to the age of sixteen, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer. Until 1964 children took an «eleven plus» exam at the age of eleven. At this exam they were selected, or «streamed» according to their current level of academic attainment, for education in different types of secondary schools. Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent; modern schools provided a general education with a practical bias. There were also a few technical schools-academic equals of grammar schools but specializing in technical studies. In 1965 non-selective comprehensive schools were introduced. Most local education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive schooling. At the age of sixteen pupils take school-leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level. The exam used to be conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with a university. This examination could also be taken by candidates at a further education establishment. This exam was called the General Certificate of Education. Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level. A General Certificate of Education of Advanced («A») level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam. It was the standard for entrance to University and to many forms of professional training. In 1988 both examinations were replaced by the more or less uniform General Certificate of Secondary Education. The private sector is running parallel to the state system of education. Тhere are about 2500 fee-charging independent schools in Great Britain. Most private schools are single-sex until the age of 16. More and more parents seem prepared to take on the formidable extra cost for education. The reason is the belief that social advantages are gained from attending a certain school. The most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton College for boys or St. James' school for girls. Answer the questions:
Translate into English:
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take «A» level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their «A» level results, although they may interview them as well. In 1971 the Open University was started, where these formal qualifications are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses on radio and television. There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics (now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers). Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine, architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences. Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas. Students of law, architecture and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own professional bodies instead of degrees. At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses. Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced. The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge, called «Oxbridge». They are famous for their academic excellence. Translate into English:
10. Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвратить стипендию. SCHOOLING IN THE UNITED STATES Americans have shown a great concern for education since early colonial times. Today, there are some 43 million pupils and students in public schools at the elementary and secondary levels, and another 6 million in private schools throughout the country. The USA does not have a national system of education. The function of the Federal Department of Education is merely to gather information, to advise and help finance some educational programs. All educational matters are left to individual states. 50 states are free to determine its own system for its own public school. In 1986 50 percent of the funds for elementary and secondary education came from state sources, 43 from local funds, and only 6 % from the federal government. There are two major types of schools in the USA - public and private, or fee-paying. Four out of five private schools are run by churches, synagogues and other religious groups. Most schools start at nursery level at the age of 3. Elementary education starts at the age of 6 and continues till 10-11 years. Secondary education is provided from the age of 11-12 years. Intermediate school includes graded 6 through 9 for ages 11 (12) up to 14 (15) years. Schools of this stage are called intermediate schools or junior high schools. A senior high school may include grades 9 through 12 or 10 through 12. Senior high schools in the United States can be classified in 3 major categories according to program. A senior high school may be comprehensive, general, or vocational. A comprehensive school is open to all youths of a community area and offers a broad program of academic, prevocational and vocational education. A general school is also open, but it offers a more limited program. Extensive program of prevocational or vocational courses and advanced courses in academic studies are usually excluded. A vocational school is for students of the community who are interested in its specialized area of training and a program of general education. A specialized school is for pupils with special capabilities who are qualified to concentrate in a particular area of study. It is for the academically, musically, artistically gifted. The American secondary school provides the course program of school subjects and a program of extracurricular activities, including organized sports. Most schools publish their own students’ newspapers, have orchestras, bands, choir, theatre and drama groups, etc. What makes American education at the secondary level so different from most other countries is that all such programs, whether academic, technical, or practical, are generally taught under one roof. High school students who wish to attend a college or university go through one of the two standard tests - SAT and ACT. They are given by non-profit, non-governmental organizations. Answer the questions:
Translate into English: 1. Американцы всегда придавали большое значение образованию.
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