Методические рекомендации по выполнению аудиторных практических работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» предназначены для студентов II курса очной формы обучения и преподавателей средних профессиональных учебных заведений,
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2. Finish sentences. Retell the dialogue: Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: I went to London in July. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: My parents went with me. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: We spent three days in London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: London is a multicultural place. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________. Helen: I saw people of all colours. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: One evening we went to see a musical. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: I love London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________. Helen: The people are so nice there. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________. PROFESSIONAL PART UNIT 21. INFORMATION-DEPENDENT SOCIETY. COMPUTER LITERACY
computer literacy — компьютерная грамотность problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее решение задачи be aware of — понимать, сознавать opportunity— возможность basics — основы application — применение; использование to restate — пересмотреть, переосмыслить significant — значительный achievements — достижения сomputing— вычисление; счет; работа на компьютере to embrace— охватывать dimension— измерение instruction— команда, инструкция, указание direct the operation — направлять работу process — обрабатывать subscription magazine - журнал по подписке data processing system — система обработки данных have much in common — иметь много общего 2. Read the text: COMPUTER LITERACY Informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer-literate, which means that they should be able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices. They should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life. There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century. They bring with them both economic and social changes. In an information society a person who is computer-literate need not be an expert on the design of computers. He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers. All of us are already on the way to becoming computer-literate. Just think of your everyday life. If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information. 3. Find in the text the answers to the following questions: 1. What does "a computer-literate person" mean? 2. Are you aware of the potential of computers to influence your life? 3. Give examples of using computers in everyday life. 4. Make up sentences with the following word combinations: An information-dependent society; an everyday problem-solving device; to be aware; to influence the quality of life; to have an opportunity; the most significant technical achievements; to be on the way of becoming computer-literate; to process information; to have much in common; a data processing system. 5. Make up a list of adjectives and verbs that go with the noun “computer”; use several of the resulting phrases in the sentences of your own. 6. Write sentences in Past Simple Tense: 1. Many people have an opportunity to use computers. 2. There is no doubt that computers solve problems very quickly. 3. Instructions direct the operation of a computer. 4. Computers bring with them both economic and social changes. 5. Computing embraces not only arithmetics, but also computer literacy. 6. It is well known that computers prepare laboratory tests. 7. Those persons are computer literate and think of buying a new computer. 8. They receive a subscription magazine once a month. 9. My mother is ill and visits her doctor every other day. 10. Experts know much about how to prepare programs. UNIT 22.WHAT IS A COMPUTER
intricate — сложный, запутанный electronic circuit— электронная цепь, схема to operate switches— приводить в действие переключатели to store numbers— запоминать числа, преобразовывать to input / to feed in — вводить (информацию) to turn on = to switch on — включать to turn off = to switch off— выключать to process data — обрабатывать данные to supply — подавать, вводить, снабжать, обеспечивать addition — сложение subtraction — вычитание division —деление multiplication — умножение exponentiation — возведение в степень user — пользователь input device — устройство ввода disk drive — дисковое запоминающее устройство, дисковод tape drive — запоминающее устройство на магнитной ленте cathode-ray tube — электроннолучевая трубка to make decisions — принимать решения 2. Read the text: A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols). The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magnetize the cores. The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory. It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers. Computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities. First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen. Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job. A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished. 3. Answer the questions:
4. Тranslate the following combinations into English and find them in the text: Сложная сеть электронных цепей; управлять (приводить в действие) переключателями; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; посредством ввода сигналов; включать; выключать; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; выполнять математические операции; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; устройство ввода; считывать информацию; вывод информации; принимать решения; находить решения; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций. 5. Complete sentences using the text:
6. Put pairs of synonyms from the list of given bellow words: For example: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out; B. a man, a person, a human being. Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, to study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch. Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, use, concept, specialist, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision. Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, little. Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps. 7 . Fill in the blanks with the proper answer given below: 1. Information is given into the computer in the form of… a) ideas; b) characters; c) rules 2. The basic function of a computer is …information. a) to switch; b) to keep; c) to process 3. The data needed for solving problems are kept in the a) memory; b) input device; c) output device 4. Inputting information into the computer is realized by means of ….. a) a printer; b) letters; c) diskettes 5. A computer can carry out arithmetic-logical operations… . a) quickly; b) instantaneously; c) during some minutes a) environment; b) management; c) government. 8. Match the columns:
UNIT 23. TEST 4 1. Read the text and make activities after it: Personal computers Computer is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information. The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems. Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries. Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information. Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer's CPU to the size of a single silicon chip. Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974. In 1981, IBM Company offered its own microcomputer model, the IBM PC that became a necessary tool for almost every business. The PC's use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated the development of faster and more powerful personal computers, and its use of an operating system that was available to all other computer makers led to a standardization of the industry. In the mid-1980s, a number of other developments were especially important for the growth of personal computers. One of these was the introduction of a powerful 32-bit CPU capable of running advanced operating systems at high speeds. Another innovation was the use of conventional operating systems, such as UNIX, OS/2 and Windows. The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user to select icons — graphic symbols of computer functions — from a display screen instead of typing commands. New voice-controlled systems are now available, and users are able to use the words and syntax of spoken language to operate their personal computers. |
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