Сборник материалов Всероссийской конференции с элементами научной школы для молодежи в области рационального природопользования (17-21 ноября 2009г.) Кемерово 2009

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Название	Сборник материалов Всероссийской конференции с элементами научной школы для молодежи в области рационального природопользования (17-21 ноября 2009г.) Кемерово 2009
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USING HUMATE IN THE WORLD AND IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Aleksandrova O.M.,

a post-graduate student

Nowadays humates have been actively used by foreign and Russian agricultural manufacturers. As a result of applying humic fertilizers on a vegetative organism the productivity of agricultural crops increases on the average by 60 %.ю

Under the conditions of deficiency of organic fertilizers, constantly growing cost of mineral fertilizers and means of protection of plants as well as the escalating consumer demanding for ecologically pure high-quality agricultural production forces scientists and experts to search for new, non-conventional ways of both improving soil fertility, increasing productivity, total gathering of agricultural production, and significant improvement of its quality influence on the state of health of a human and duration of life. Now many biologists all over the world consider that a human does not realize the genetic opportunities of life expectancy.

Illnesses arise, as a rule, from infringements in feeding, from the lack or surplus of those or others macro- and micro-cells. Therefore, the basis of the improvement of production quality is a balance between the element structure, an opportunity of its updating both in the environment and in an living organism of plants.

One of the perspective ways of solving these problems is using liquid humate fertilizers.

The term "humate" comes from the term "humus". Humus is an organic component of any ground, providing their fertility. The major component of humus is natural humic acids. However, under the natural conditions, humic acids are steady, insoluble in water and poorly accessible to plants and soil micro-flora. In order the ground to be enough fertile, the maintenance of humic acids in it should not be less than 5-6 % or 150-190 tons on 1ha. In nature such ground is extremely rare. What is the way out? - Nature itself gives the answer, as enormous stocks of humic acids in peats, ground silt, and also in some kinds of coal have been saved up. As humic acids is the result of natural transformation of an organic matter, the longer and more actively this transformation took place, the more the maintenance of humic acids in natural raw material was. More than 50 years ago in Russia it was proved that entering humic acids in their water-soluble salts of sodium, potassium chloride or ammonium will increase their biological activity by tens thousand times. These salts are also named humate.

Now many foreign agricultural manufacturers have actively started to use humate. In 2002 in the European part of Russia industrial application of humate has reached more than 700 thousand in hectares. The greatest effect is observed in Stavropol and Krasnodar regents. Productivity of grain crops has increased by 20-30 %. [3]

Scientists, involved in this process, mark that interest to humate fertilizers all over the world has sharply increased. It is easy to explain as more data on positive influence of humate substances on growth and development of plants and as well as on quality of agricultural production and fertility ground are being collected day by day. [1]

The thicker humate layer is and the more intensively its painting, the higher fertility of the ground is. Owing to the high maintenance of humate the well-known Russian chernozems are capable to provide high crops for many years.

V.N. Bogoslovsky, B.V.Levinsky carried out system researching of application humate in Russia for 50 years. One of the principal causes of the abnormal low efficiency of humate applying could be, in their opinion, quite obvious understating or overestimating of concentration of humate. By these researchers new humic preparations of the new generation were created. They were named “Energenes” and have maximum possibly quality and stability of properties. The researchers hope that, having such preparations, it would be possible to begin new large-scale field tests with the purpose of receiving more authentic recommendations on application humate in agriculture. [1]

One of the first ones, the scheme of receiving humate fertilizers and ways of application of organo-mineral humate fertilizers such as Humophosck have been developed in Dnepropetrovsk under the direction of L.A. Khristevoj. As raw material for the reception of fertilizers brown coal, peat and sapropel were taken.

Various updating and modernization of this scheme have made it possible to receive a great number of humate fertilizers. Here some of the widely known of them are given.

Now the enterprises of Mintopprom of Russia make peat fertilizers with ammonia: TMAU-1, TMAU -2, TAU-1, TAU-2, TMAU -4К, TMAU - 6К, TMAU -3. This group of fertilizers developed by employees VNIIТP is characterized by high economical efficiency, and it is recommended to apply for vegetable cultures. A big series of humate organic-mineral fertilizers are produced in St.-Petersburg by the NPО «Realization of ecological technologies». They are modified humic components standard mineral fertilizers such as carbamide, ammoniac saltpeter, superphosphate, ammophos, nitro-ammophosck, superphosck, azophosck, sulfammophos. As a humic acomponent, a humic preparation is used. [2]

Humic fertilizers are produced not only in our country, but also in some other countries. For example, in Australia a patent on producing complex humic fertilizer which contains in the structure a complex and an un-complex huminic organic substance, microorganisms, macro-cells (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and micro-cells (zinc, manganese, cobalt, a pine forest, molybdenum) has been given out.

The American company “American Colloid” makes nitric fertilizer with a biostimulator from humic acids, «Organo-gro».

The Italian firm «Vinietta Mineraria» makes humate potassium under the name «Umex».

As a result of processing coal-humic fertilizers on a vegetative organism the productivity of agricultural crops increases on the average by 60 %. [2]

Now the market of humic preparations is presented by liquid and firm humates, basically humate of sodium, produced out of brown coals, firm and liquid fertilizers, which structure includes also humate sodium from brown coal, with addition of mineral salts for enrichment micro - and macro-cells. Humate sodium and potassium are stimulators, and can not be called fertilizers by definition. It is possible to maintain a significant result under the field conditions only by applying both organic or mineral fertilizers.

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