Sold bicycles. When I published my first work ‘History of Western College Journalism’ the Pope Company had given me an advertisement, and that seemed to be a ‘connection’ of some kind. In any case it was worth
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part-time job (=working only some of the day or some of the week) on a fruit and vegetable stall in a market. Happier times To his surprise, Paul loved the market. He made lots of friends and enjoyed working out in the open air. After two years he took over (=took control of) the stall. Two years later he opened a second stall, and after ten years he had fifteen stalls. Last year Paul retired (=stopped working completely) at the age of 55, a very rich man. Ex. 36. Write a single word synonym for each of these words/phrases.
Ex. 37. Find the logical answer on the right for each of the questions on the left.
Ex. 38. Complete these sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
Ex. 39. Complete this word-building table. Use a dictionary to help you. Verb General noun Personal noun(s) Promote …………………… - Employ …………………… …………………… Resign …………………… - Retire …………………… - Train ……………………. …………………….. Ex. 40. Have you got a job in a company? If so, answer these questions as quickly as you can. (It can be imaginary).
Ask another person the same questions. READING I. Pre-reading work:
WORK AND PAY IN FANTASIA. I had a thought-provoking dream last night. In it I was living in Fantasia – a place where people are paid according to their real value to the society. There are some striking differences with what happens in other countries. In Fantasia, doctors are paid for keeping people alive. A doctor is well rewarded as long as his or her patients stay healthy. But when a patient falls ill, the doctor's pay is reduced by half; and if a patient dies, the doctor has to pay massive compensation to the surviving relatives. Average life expectancy in Fantasia is 132, although doctors tend to die young. Soldiers are paid on the same lines as doctors: in peacetime they get a reasonable wage, but as soon as war breaks out the government stops paying them. Officers earn far less than ordinary soldiers, and generals get least of all. This is because of the Fantasian principle that power is its own reward: people can have either money or power, but Fantasians avoid giving them both. Members of the House of Long Sentences (the Fantasian Parliament) get expenses payments, but no salary; the Prime Minister gets the least generous expenses. Teachers' pay is worked out according to their teaching ability (pupils vote), their pupils test results and the level at which they teach. On average, primary school teachers get double the pay of secondary school teachers, who in turn are wealthy by comparison with university teachers Housewives or househusbands receive a basic salary from the state, plus an extra 16.500 Fantasian Grotniks (about $4.500 US) annually for each small child in the family. People who do dirty, strenuous, dull or distasteful work (e.g. rubbish collectors, coal miners, factory workers or sewage workers) are at the top of the Fantasian wages scale. Other highly-paid workers include gardeners (Fantasians like looking at flowers), hospital nurses and librarians. Among the poorest-paid workers are advertising agents, TV weather forecasters, traffic wardens and bank managers. Pop singers, who are all employed by the state, are paid starvation wages and allowed to give one concert a year (Fantasians don't like listening to loud noises) The best-paid people in Fantasia are writers. Guess what I do for a living. Ex. 41. Answer the questions.
READING II. SALARIES AND WAGES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. An intriguing book World paychecks: who makes what, where and why, makes some interesting international comparisons. In Japan, for example, teachers earn far less than factory workers, but in Denmark they are near the top of the wages scale. A New York rubbish collector makes three times as much as an Indian army general. A German bus driver gets double the pay packet of a British bus driver. In China some university teachers earn as much as government ministers, but Chinese newspaper and television journalists are the most poorly paid ones in the world. And so on. In part, says the writer, this is because of the law of supply and demand. New York rubbish collectors are well paid because it is hard to find enough people who want to do the job, and in India generals do badly because everyone (well, almost everyone) wants to be a general. But other facts – whether having a certain job makes you famous, for example – also make a difference. It may interest you to know that the President of the United States earns three times what the Prime Minister of Britain does, but that the Prime Ministers of India and China get only about £40 a week. I leave you to draw your own conclusions. One of the other interesting bits of information in the book is that Britain pays its civil servants (the people who are paid to help the government run things like the tax system and the post office) more than America and most of Europe. Don't ask me who decides these things: no one asked for my opinion. (from an article by William Davis in Punch) Ex. 42. Work in pairs. Discuss the following:
READING III. Pre-reading task:
FINDING the IDEAL JOB. (Review of What Colour is Your Parachute?). After Barbara Kleppinger You are out of work. You hate your job. You aren’t satisfied with your career. You are looking for your first job. Where do you start? You’ll probably send your résumé to a lot of companies. You might answer newspaper want ads. Or you might go to employment agencies. But experts say you won’t have much luck. People find jobs only five to fifteen percent of the time when they use these methods. So, what can we change? Bolles is an expert in the field of job hunting. He has helped thousands of people find jobs and careers. This book is different from other job hunting manuals. Bolles doesn’t help you to find just another job. Instead, he helps you find your ideal job: a job that fits who you are, a job that is satisfying to you. What kind of job is ideal for you? If you don’t know the answer, Bolles says, you can’t find your ideal job. You need to have a clear picture in your mind of the job you want. The book has many exercises to help you draw this picture. Bolles says that you must think about three things :
After Bolles helps you decide on your real job, he gives you specific, useful advice on how to find the job. His exercises teach you how to find companies and how to introduce youself. The chapter on job interviews is full of useful information and suggestions. For example, most pepole go to interviews asking themselves the question ‘How do I get the company to hire me?” Bolles thinks this is the wrong question. Instead, he wants you to ask yourself, “Do I really want to work for the company?” There two small problems with the book. First, Bolles writes too much! He explains his ideas over and over again. Second, there is no space to write the answers to the exercises. But these are small problems. What Colour is Your Parachute? is the best job hunting manual available today. What Colour is Your Parachute? was written in 1970. But the information is updated every year. So, if you are looking for a job, or if you have a job but want a new one, remember: Don’t just send out copies of your résumé. Don’t just answer want ads. And don’t wait for friends to get you a job. Instead, buy this book and do the job hunt the right way. Ex. 43. Decide if the sentences are true or false. Compare your answers with a classmate’s. 1. What Colour Is Your Parachute ? is similar to other job-hunting Manuals. 2. Bolles’s goal is to help people find work as quickly as possible. 3. According to What Colour Is Your Parachute?, job hunters should think about their skills, the work setting, and the job rewards they want. 4. What Colour Is Your Parachute? includes specific advice on finding jobs. 5. According to the reviewer, one problem of the book is that it’s too short. Ex. 44. Read each situation. Decide whether, according to Bolles, the person is making a mistake or doing the right thing. Circle your answers. Then discuss your decisions with your classmates.
2. Amy studied to be a teacher. But now she’s not just looking for work as a teacher. Instead, she’s thinking about whether teaching is really the right career for her. According to Bolles, Amy is
3. Bill is in a job interview. He is asking the person who is interviewing him some questions about the company. According to Bolles, Bill is
4. Kathy has a choice between a job that pays very well and a job that seems very interesting. She decides that for her, money is the most important thing. So she chooses the job that pays well. According to Bolles, Kathy is
5. Peter sent his résumé to many companies and he answered many want ads. So now he is waiting for someone to call him about a job. According to Bolles, Peter is
Ex. 45. Complete the e-mail from Cristina to Jenny with the words below: hire interview out of work résumé skills specific From: Cristina Bond@Richmond.edu Sent: 01 July 2004 14:23 To: JRIOS@aol.com Subject: New Job Hi Jenny, Guess what? I finally found a job. I’m so excited! I thought I was going to be 1 ----------------- forever. I was so nervous during the 2 ------------------- . I was sure they didn’t want to 3 ----------------- me. At first they asked me lots of general questions about my life. That information was on my 4 ------------- . But then they started to ask me lots of 5 ------------------- questions about computers. I’m so glad I took that Internet course last summer. It gave me a lot of computer 6 ------------------- that I can use at this job. Now, I can’t believe it. I’ll call you next week with my new work number. Yours, Web master Cristina READING IV You are going to read part of a leaflet prepared by a large employment agency. It gives advice on what to do and what not to do at interviews. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each part (1-4). There is an example at the beginning (0). Notice that there is one heading which you do NOT need to use.
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