Контрольная работа №1(Вариант №1
|
Скачать 1.27 Mb.
|
|
Вариант №2. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Russia borders on many countries. So great variety of scenery and vegetation can be found here. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East. On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental. Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources. Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres. The population of the city is over 8 million. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, museums, theatres, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities. Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma. Notes: to occupy – занимать surface – поверхность total area – общая площадь to wash – омывать to border – граничить с variety – разнообразие, множество scenery – пейзаж, ландшафт vast territory – обширная территория head of state – глава государства Questions:
Вариант №3. THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is the official name of the state which is situated in the British Isles. Thus, "Great Britain" is often the same as "Britain", or "the United Kingdom", or just "UK". It consists of four countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. You can see them on the map. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The UK is an island state. The two main islands are Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland. Northern Ireland and the independent Irish Republic are there. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea. The UK is also washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the nom and the North Sea in the east. Everyone who was born in Britain is British. People from England are English. People from Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland are not English. They are Scottish or the Scotts Welsh and Irish. People from Scotland and Wales don't like it when they are called English. More than 56 million people live in Britain. Many of them live in big industrial cities like London, Manchester and Liverpool, for example, are big industrial cities in the centre of England. But foreigners are often surprised by the fact that much of land in Britain is open country. There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes and just farmlands especially in the south of the country. Everyone in Britain speaks English. But in some parts of Scotland and Wales people speak different languages as well. The Welsh are especially proud of their language. They like to speak Welsh, to sing songs in Welsh and when you travel you can see road signs in Welsh all over Wales. Everyone in the UK speaks English but they all speak it differently. A Scottish person has to listen carefully if he wants to understand a Londoner or a Welsh person. As you know, the flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of three crosses: the cross of St. George (the patron saint1 of England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland). It is rather difficult to understand the British way of ruling the country. In Britain the Queen is the Head of State, but in fact she doesn't rule the country as she has no power. The Queen is a symbol of the country history and its traditions. She is very rich. She travels about the United Kingdom meets different people and visits schools, hospitals and other special places. So do all the members of the Royal family: the Queen's husband, her son Prince Charles the Queen daughter Princess Anna, and Princess Margaret. At the beginning of the century many countries all over the world were ruled by Britain. All of them were included into the British Empire and were its colonies. India, Pakistan, Ceylon, for example, were among them. Now these countries are independent states. But in 1949 Britain and the former colonies founded the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth includes many countries such as Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also the Head of Commonwealth and the queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand. The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government. The British Parliament has two 'houses': the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3 The House of Lords doesn't have much power but it is very important as it can offer and change laws, it can delay laws too. The House of Commons makes laws about the policy of the country, taxes and many other things. The members of the House of Lords are not elected. These members are permanent. They are often aristocrats, peopled the church, lawyers and former politicians. The members of the House of Commons are elected. The British people elect 650 members of the House of Commons every five years. Notes: the Welsh — валлийцы (жители Уэльса) Welsh (the Welsh language) - валлийский язык (язык Уэльса) the patron saint - святой покровитель His Majesty - Его Величество Commonwealth - Содружество наций the House of Lords — палата лордов the House of Commons — палата общин taxes - налоги Questions:
Вариант №4. The United States of America. The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the central part of the North American continent. The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states. The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes. There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mississippi, the Missouri , the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some other. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals. The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering. Americans are made up from nearly all nations and races. The country population is over 250 million. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag “Stars and Stripes”, having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizing the number of the original states. The United States of America is federal state, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided in to 3 branches1: Legislative2, Executive3 and Judicial4. The Legislative power belongs to the Congress, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of the Representatives5 – the population. The Executive power belong to the President and his Administration (Vice-President and Cabinet of Ministers). The Judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of Federal, State and District courts. There are several political parties in the USA, the largest of them are the Republican (symbolized by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant). Notes: 1 branch- ветвь власти 2 Legislative- законодательная 3 Executive- исполнительная 4 Judicial- судебная 5 House of Representatives- палата представителей Questions: 1.How many states does the USA include? 2.What oceans is the USA washed by? 3.What are the main industrial branches? 4.How many branches of power are there in the USA according to the US Constitution? 5.What political parties are there in the USA? Вариант №5. NEW YORK. New York is a city where all the languages of the world are spoken and where people live on the ground, travel under the ground and work in the sky. New York makes a great impression on all visitors because of its many high buildings, its theatres, museums and hotels, its beautiful bridges, and its expensive shops with their fabulous (баснословный) prices. The first permanent white settlers (поселенцы) came to New York from Holland in 1626. These Dutch settlers bought all of Manhattan Island (остров) from the Indians for the equivalent of twenty-five dollars, while today some of this land costs a million dollars an acre. This island is the heart of the city. It is on Manhattan Island where most of the skyscrapers are located. This island is connected by six long bridges, as well as by tunnels and ferries (паром), with the other four districts that constitute New York City. New York is the largest city in the United States. Today there are more people living in the New York City than in Australia, Peru or Sweden. For transportation New York depends (зависеть) mainly on buses, the subway, taxis and ferries. The buses are slow because of the crowded streets, whereas the subway train can go as fast as railroad trains, sometimes stopping only at the most important stations. We may go all day by the subway for the same rare, if we only change trains but do not go out of the stations. New York moves vertically as well as horizontally, taking its people by elevator to their offices on the fortieth, sixtieth, and eightieth floor. New York is the richest and the poorest, the most modem and the most old-fashioned (старомодный) of cities, with expensive hotels and cheap boarding houses, the home of symphonies and popular jazz clubs, cathedrals (собор) and night clubs; the home of the famous Metropolitan Opera and the Metropolitan Museum of Art; the home of most of the largest publishing houses (издательство) of the United States and the biggest newspapers. On the Fifth Avenue there are many expensive stores of international fame, but around the comer one may find little shops where imitation diamonds and cheap souvenirs are sold. Questions: 1. What kind of city is New York? 2. When and where did the first white settlers come from? 3. Where are the most skyscrapers located? 4. What does New York transportation depend on? 5. How does New York move? 6. What are there on the Fifth Avenue? Тексты для дополнительного чтения по направлениям. Зооинженерный факультет. ВАРИАНТ №1. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. Agriculture provides people with food, feed and other useful products. All over the world farmers cultivate valuable plants and raise productive domesticated animals. There are two main branches in modern agriculture: crop production (or crop farming) and animal husbandry (or animal farming). Nowadays, in many countries people are still relying on meat, milk and eggs as main sources of food. Both breeders and farmers have already bred and are still breeding highly productive agricultural animals. Animal farming is a process in which a farmer breeds, raises and cares for livestock either for commerce or private use. The word "livestock" refers to domesticated animals such as beef and dairy cattle, sheep, goats, swine (hogs), horses, donkeys and mules, buffalo, oxen, rabbits or "exotic" animals, for example, camels, emus, ostriches, or any animal which a farmer keeps and uses either for food or pleasure. Sometimes animal scientists include in this term also poultry, such as chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys, but they include neither honey bees nor fish within the term "livestock". However, poultry farming and beekeeping are important branches of agriculture as well as aquaculture1. There are over a hundred large land mammals in the world but man has domesticated only few types into livestock. There are two main requirements for domestication of mammals: 1) the availability of feed which a farmer can easily control and provide; 2) a rapid rate of reproduction. As cattle, sheep and horses are herbivorous mammals, farmers try to keep these domestic animals on pastures. However, farmers often grow either cereals or other agricultural crops as additional feed for their animals. Such ruminant animals as cattle, sheep and goats are important for people because they convert large quantities of grasses or other types of feeds, as well as non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk and wool. Poultry also convert feed efficiently into protein. Historically, livestock and poultry have provided the following benefits to humanity: meat, eggs, dairy products, raw materials, fertiliser, labour, management of land.
When a farmer is planning to rear livestock, he usually chooses the most suitable type for the local conditions. Both climate and type of land, as well as local traditions influence a farmer's choice. |
Похожие:
 |
3. Задача. Вариант 2 «Б» Вариант контрольной работы определяется начальной буквой вашей фамилии. Контрольная работа состоит из трёх заданий: двух теоретических... |
 |
Пояснительная записка Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Гражданское право 1» Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Гражданское право 1» (общая часть гражданского права) состоит из 10 вариантов. Студент выбирает... |
|
Методические указания по выполнению контрольной работы Контрольная... Контрольная работа выполняется по учебно-методическому пособию Авиационный английский язык. Контрольная работа : учеб метод пособие... |
|
Контрольная работа по дисциплине «бжд» Вариант № ч 0-4 Среда обитания человека и физиология труда: основные формы деятельности человека и их особенности |
|
Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык» Контрольная работа предназначена для студентов специальности: 08. 02. 01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», 4 курс... |
|
Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык» Контрольная работа предназначена для студентов специальности: 08. 02. 01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», 4 курс... |
|
Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык» Контрольная работа предназначена для студентов специальности: 08. 02. 01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», 4 курс... |
|
Порядок ведения и оформления тетрадей по русскому языку и литературе Например: Проверочная работа. Самостоятельная работа. Контрольная работа. Работа над ошибками. Изложение. Сочинение |
|
Контрольная работа по английскому языку Выполнение перевода текстов,... Выберите правильный вариант видовременной формы глагола, перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, указав, в какой... |
|
Контрольная работа №3 для 8 класса по физике (розш) Контрольная работа состоит из двух частей, включающих в себя 11 заданий. Часть 1 содержит 8 заданий с кратким ответом, часть 2 содержит... |
|
Инструкция по выполнению письменного контрольного задания Слушатели, чьи фамилии начинаются на буквы «А» «Г» выполняют I вариант, на буквы «Д»-«И» вариант II, на буквы «К»-«О» вариант III,... |
|
Контрольная работа №1 по теме «Организм. Молекулярный уровень» Лабораторная работа №2 «Изучение клеток и тканей растений и животных на готовых микропрепаратах» |
|
Контрольная работа составлена в соответствии с рабочей программой... Контрольная работа составлена в соответствии с рабочей программой по пм. 01 Техническое обслуживание и ремонт автотранспорта |
|
Контрольная работа защита студентов, не ориентирующихся в выполненной... Вариант Вероятность изготовления небракованного изделия равна 0,93. Сделано три изделия. Найти вероятность того, что: а все изделия... |
|
Контрольная работа должна выполняться по варианту, номер которого... Для нахождения варианта контрольного задания нужно в первой (заглавной) строке таблицы 1 найти последнюю цифру шифра, т е. 8, а в... |
|
Задача любого опыта может быть решена путем сравнения, поэтому в... Пришкольный участок занимает важное место в познании учащимися природы, в воспитании у них интереса к природе родного края и формировании... |